Complete the table below:
- Summarize the main points of the theory in your own words in the Summary Definition column.
- Provide an example where you witnessed the theory in practice or suggest a situation where it could be applicable in the Practice Example column. Do not restate the Application to Practice column in the textbook; provide a unique example or suggest a possible scenario.
- Correlate at least one of Gardner’s task to the theory and practice example in the last column.
Use at least five in-text citations in the table to support your summaries, practice examples, or application of Gardner’s Tasks. In the References section below the table, create an APA-formatted list to cite each resource.
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction: In this table, we will summarize various theories in our own words and provide practice examples for each theory. We will also correlate at least one of Gardner’s tasks to each theory.
| Theory Name | Summary Definition | Practice Example | Application to Practice | Correlation with Gardner’s Tasks |
| — | — | — | — | — |
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs | Maslow’s theory suggests that human beings have various needs, and these needs must be fulfilled in order of priority. | An employee who has not eaten all day must first fulfill their physiological need for food before they can focus on their work. | In a medical setting, it is important to understand the hierarchy of needs in order to provide appropriate care to patients. If a patient is in pain and they are hungry, for example, it is essential to first address their hunger so that they can focus on managing their pain. | Gardner’s task of understanding oneself is essential to understanding which needs are most important to prioritize in any given situation, such as patient care. |
| Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory | Erikson’s theory suggests that human beings go through various stages of development and must resolve specific conflicts at each stage in order to develop a healthy sense of identity and social relationships. | A teenager who is trying to establish a sense of identity may experiment with different hairstyles and clothing styles. | In a medical setting, understanding where a patient is in their developmental stage can be helpful when providing care. For example, a teenager who is struggling with their sense of identity may need more emotional support than a young adult who is confident in their sense of self. | Gardner’s tasks of understanding oneself and relating to others are essential to understanding where a patient is in their developmental stage and providing appropriate support. |
| Social Learning Theory | Social learning theory suggests that individuals can learn new behaviors and attitudes by observing others and their consequences. | A child learns to share their toys after seeing their friend share theirs and seeing the positive reaction it gets. | In a medical setting, social learning theory can be utilized to teach patients new behaviors or habits, such as practicing good hygiene or taking medication regularly. | Gardner’s task of understanding oneself and relating to others is essential to understanding how to effectively teach and model new behaviors to patients. |
| Cognitive Development Theory | Cognitive development theory suggests that individuals develop their thinking abilities and decision-making skills as they mature. | A child learns to use language and develop their logical thinking skills as they grow older. | In a medical setting, understanding cognitive development can be helpful when providing care to patients with cognitive impairments or developmental delays. For example, a child with a developmental delay may need a different approach to explaining their medical condition than a child who has reached the typical cognitive milestones for their age. | Gardner’s task of understanding oneself and understanding how to think effectively is essential to understanding how to communicate and provide care effectively for patients with varying levels of cognitive development. |
| Psychodynamic Theory | Psychodynamic theory suggests that human behavior is influenced by unconscious desires and unresolved conflicts. | An individual may have recurring dreams about falling that are related to unresolved fears or anxieties. | In a medical setting, understanding psychodynamic theory can be helpful when providing care to patients with mental health conditions or psychological distress. For example, an individual with anxiety may benefit from therapy that helps them uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts that are contributing to their symptoms. | Gardner’s task of understanding oneself is essential to understanding how to provide effective therapy and support for patients dealing with psychodynamic issues. |
References:
– Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.
– Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. W. W. Norton & Company.
– Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.
– Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. International Universities Press.
– Freud, S. (1920). Beyond the pleasure principle. The International Psycho-Analytical Library.
